Film Review A Fond Kiss - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1104 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Art Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Film Review Essay Racial Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? Ae Fond Kiss Movie review by Ahed El-Najar Ae Fond Kiss is a romantic drama, directed by Ken Loach in 2004. The movie was filmed in Pollokshields, which is a district in the south side of Glasgow. Cross cultural romance, social difference and racial discrimination are three words which describe the theme of the movie very good. The movie opens with Casim’s sister Tahara, which is being chased around the school. Students are calling her bad names because of her cultural background. Tahara get so upset that she starts chasing the boys in anger. Casim follows her around the school, trying to control her. She chases them into a music classroom, where Roisin is the teacher. Tahara manages to break a guitar before she leaves. Here is where Casim meets Rosin for the first time. He feels a bit guilty for the guitar, so he buys a new one for her. He also offers her a ride home, because she lives on the other side of town. Both Casim and Roisin are presented as two very nice persons. They work different places and share a lot of interests. Casim is a DJ at a nightclub with his closest friend Hamid. Their plan is to save up money for their own club. Roisin is a music teacher at a Catholic school. She is a very good teacher, and the students seem to like her a lot, so does The headmaster . Their love for each other grows very fast. It doesn’t take a long time before their a couple. The only difference for them is their cultural background. Casim comes from a family with strong faith for the Muslim religion. His parents are planning a marriage between him and his first cousin named Jasmine. His father is also preparing for their family, so he enlarges their home. In the beginning his family thinks that Casim is ready for the marriage. But what really happens is that he goes out with Roisin. They have a secret relationship, and Roisin thinks that what they do is perfectly fine. There is nothing wrong with what they do. They are in love, so they stay together. But Casim’s faith is very strict. In his case, Casim is not allowed to go out with white girls. He has to get married with someone that his parents select for him. It is perfectly clear that this is a difficult situation, because every time Roisin asks to see Casim’s family he says no. He tells her that it is not inappropriate for her to meet them. She feels that this is bad, because she wants to see how his family is. Roisin does not have any family, her parents died when she was young. Casim does not care very much about this, even though you can see fear in his eyes. He is afraid to tell his family about his relationship with Roisin. His girlfriend does not know about how difficult it is for him. All along his family is arranging the marriage, and Casim does not tell this to Roisin. He even tells her to knock down when they drive at places where his family work or live, because he is afraid to be seen with her. In the theory Casim is going to marr y someone he does not want to marry. But his secret gets revealed to Roisin when they are in Spain on holiday. He tells her that he has not spoken with his family about his situation, and that his family expects him to marry Jasmine. When Roisin hear this, she got sad and angry. Casim got very upset as well, and told Roisin that he was sorry. But it does not help in the beginning. But when Casim tells Roisin that he does not want to marry Jasmine, and that he is going to talk with his parents, her mood gets better. As the time goes on their relationship is still a secret for casim’s parents and family. Even though he promised to talk with his parents, he chooses not to do so. So the relationship between the two becomes weaker and weaker. They argue a lot, and they are very unsure on what to do. But things get even worse for the couple. Roisin gets an offer which includes her, a full time job at the Catholic school. But she has to ask the parish priest for permission. He does not accept because she has sex outside the marriage. He is even rasist and dislike Muslims, because he asks her what kind of man she had sex with â€Å"is he a kind of muhammedman†. The headmaster at the school does not care about this in the beginning, but he has to fire her unwillingly. If he wouldn’t fire her, he would be in a lot of trouble. This means that Roisin has to get a new job at a school which is not Catholic. When things couldn’t possibly be any worse, other people get affected by their love. Casim’s older sister Rukhsana is supposed to marry someone she love, but he does not want her. That is all because of Casim’s dirty actions toward their faith. To top it all, Casim tell his parents how he feel. He tells them that Roisin is his true love, and that he will stay with her forever. His parents get very upset, and his father tries to make him leave her. But Casim made up his mind; he chooses to stay with his beloved Roisin. I liked the movie pretty much. The plot and acting was very successful, and the theme was very strong and sad in one way. The ending was both great and sad, some kind of happy ending when they meet again in the end. Casim and Roisin finds each other with the power of love, but Casim’s family get ruined in one way. I also liked the music chose for the movie. The songs Ae fond kiss and strange fruit are two songs which shows great parallels to the movie itself. I did understand the movie pretty well as well, because I am a Muslim and know how the situation is. Though I am happy my parent’s faith for the Muslim Religion is not that strong, that differs between people. This review should had been sent to you for long time ago, but the day I fall in the motorcycle accident was the date for this review, I totally forgotten about it, perhaps my mind got a bit broken by the accident . I apologize . Yours Ahed Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Film Review: A Fond Kiss" essay for you Create order

The And Skin Complexion That Was Fare - 993 Words

was straight textured and skin complexion that was fare. Because of this the first girlfriends I selected where light skinned and had hair that was naturally straight in an attempt to please my mother and support her ideal. At a very basic level all human beings are animals and I hate to use this analogy because of the negative connotation of using a animal in relation to ethnic people, but there is no other way for me to express the connection between our humanity, preference and genetics, if we examine for instance a canine it s easy to see the effects a pasts generations experience has had on the current reiteration of its breed I.e., there is the obvious physical attributes muscularity and physical defenses claws teeth this is part of evolution, but there is also there is an innate automatic reasoning (instinct) coupled with the experiences and subsequent nurturing of a parental figure that will keep the young away from potentially life threatening situations this culmination of nature and nurture is also prominent in the human animal and even more so in the human beings that are preyed upon by other cultures for example African Americans disassociating with there own people or showing dislike of t here own skin color. This reveals how there is a culture of fear associated with being African American that has been inherited. How my family functioned Roles Before it was in vogue I grew up in a household with two mothers. My household was matriarch driven and at itsShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Based Upon The Tone Of One s Skin Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesColorism is described as discrimination based upon the tone of one’s skin. Colorism is a global issue that affects an array of people around the world. Although colorism is a worldwide issue, it is unique to African Americans due to the experience of slavery and its long-term psychological effects. African American men and women both experience colorism but the psychological effects are more prominent in women. 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In Dracula Mina and Lucy are two females who are both victims of vampirism and showcase how vampirism is a disease. The novel explores how they deal wit h the effects of vampirism and how the men in the novel treat vampirism. ThisRead MoreRace Film : The Great And Only Essay10250 Words   |  41 PagesChapter One Race Films as a Genre in American Cinema â€Å"Most people pronounced his last name ‘Mee-show,’ though some who knew him insist it was ‘Mi-shaw.’ The correct pronunciation of his name is only the beginning of the ambiguities and mysteries associated with Oscar Micheaux† Patrick Mulligan—Oscar Micheaux: The Great and Only: The Life of America s First Black Filmmaker From the very beginning of the early stages in American cinema, African Americans had a presence on the silver screen. TheRead MoreCavin Kare - History Future3146 Words   |  13 Pagesmanufacture pharmaceutical products and cosmetics. His father was his inspiration. 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1984 and Today Essay Example For Students

1984 and Today Essay In George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith feels frustrated by the oppression and rigid control of the ruling Party of London, which prohibits free thought, sex, and any expression of individuality. The people of his nation, Oceania, are watched every minute of every day by Big Brother, an omniscient leader who can only be seen on telescreens, but never in real life. Winston illegally purchases a diary in which to write his criminal thoughts, and becomes fixated on a powerful Party member named OBrien, whom Winston believes is a secret member of the Brotherhood, the legendary group that works to overthrow the party. He also begins a covert affair with Julia, a co-worker, which is of course, a terrible crime. In the long run, Winston commits a form of suicide through his actions. Judging by Smiths behavior, he would rather rebel against Big Brother as long as possible and accept the consequences for his actions, than fall victim to the Partys control over all thoughts and individuality. Even at the beginning of the novel, Winston does not want to sacrifice his freedom for the Party. He purchases the illegal diary and begins writing several questions he has about the people suddenly involved in his life. His mind wanders off to thoughts about the dark-haired co-worker of his, and when he looks down, he sees that he has been writing the unthinkable, thoughtcrime As its called in newspeak, Oceanias language. His page has DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER written over and over again. He knows that this action will lead to capture and punishment, but his feelings about this Party are too overwhelming to keep to himself. He is trying to express his inner emotions without verbally rebelling against the Party. Smith also has views on sex that show his thought that freedom should be granted, and it is terrible to have Big Brother watching every action. Hes divorced because his wife couldnt produce the baby the Party expects, and wouldnt consider sex for any other purpose because desire is thoughtcrime. He is drawn to Julia because she is corrupt, which means she enjoys sex and has previously taken several lovers. Knowing he will be punished, he falls in love with her. Winston cannot stop this love he has for Julia, and even though the Party outlaws such relationships, Smith feels he has nothing to lose. He needs to keep his freedom. Finally, Winston is given a copy of Emmanuel Goldsteins book, which he reads aloud to Julia in a room above the store in which he had purchased his diary. In his final attempt to defend the Brotherhood, he is seized by soldiers and it turns out he had been fooled all along. He is taken to the Ministry of Love, and tries his hardest not to give in to the brainwashing and torturing given by OBrien, who had fooled him all along. In the last scene, Winston is taken to the dreaded Room 101, where his worst nightmare, the most horrible  thing that could happen to him, does. A cage full of rats is strapped to his face, when finally, his spirit is broken, and he is released to the outside world. He had done all he could to live a free life even with the presence of Big Brother, but his fight was finally ended. George Orwell claimed, Thoughtcrime was not a thing that could be concealed forever. You might dodge successfully for a while, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound to get you. Which is exactly what happened to Winston Smith. His rebellion was not one that was foolish and too outspoken. He silently tried to defeat the Party for his personal happiness, and in the end it cost him everything he had fought for, and his love for Julia. He had learned to love Big Brother, which was his ultimate fear when trying to live a life of individuality. The Party had defeated him.

Visiting My Homeland The Dominican Republic Essay Example For Students

Visiting My Homeland The Dominican Republic Essay Traveling has always been a passion of mine. I have found that exploring new places, meeting new people and getting to know different cultures is exceptionally inspiring. This past summer, I went to visit my birthplace, the Dominican Republic. I hadnt been to my homeland since I was a young boy, and I had an amazing time on my visit. It began when school had finished, and my family and I had been anticipating for this vacation trip for many months. When we get on the airplane, there was the feeling of excitement that we will finally be there in a matter of hours. We will write a custom essay on Visiting My Homeland The Dominican Republic specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The total flight time to get there was nearly 6 hours, and that doesn’t include the many hours sitting in the airport waiting for your next flight. When we finally arrive at our destination, our family members, who we haven’t seen in a long time, greeted us. We spent our first week in the capital of the country, Santo Domingo, which happens to be the first city established by Columbus in the New World. So a lot of Historic buildings, monuments, old Spanish Forts, and first University in the Americas. During the week we usually spent our time visiting our families and friends. Every day we would usually eat at a good restaurant; we would go to either a Chinese restaurant or a typical Dominican restaurant. Sometimes we would shop around at a mall. Some malls we visited, in my opinion, were made especially for the upper class. I remember visiting one and everything was super expensive, shirts would cost hundreds of dollars and many of the stores where elite and only found in Europe. Also many of the restaurant in the mall were really overpriced and for the high class. In the Dominican Republic, but especially in the capital, traffic is probably like no other in North America. I remember our first day, my family and I were in rush traffic. My heart was thumping out of my chest because I’ve never seen traffic like that anywhere in the U. S. Cars were bumper to bumper, yet people still tried to fit their vehicles in spaces no bigger than a toothpick. There is really no speed limit in the city, so everybody drives with the flow. I decided right then and there that these folks were one the craziest drivers in the world. I remember thinking to myself how delighted I was because my dad used to be a taxi driver, so he drove really well. But other than the crazy traffic, we enjoyed our week in the capital. We then headed up north in the country which happens to be more country and very mountainous. On the road, my dad would usually make stops to buy coconuts and mangos from sellers on the country road. So we would fill ourselves up with all of that in the car. We stayed over at my Aunts house in the northern coast of the country. She lives in a huge million dollar mansion on the hillside top of a mountain, in which you get a perfect view of the city and the coast of the Atlantic ocean. Stayed there for about a week traveling around that very touristic city, going to the beach, etc. We then left for another city called Samana. We arrive there and since we drove in a nice car, a local saw us and tried to bribe us by being a travel guide around that city, we ignored him. We went to the port, got on this big Yatch, and sailed about a mile off the city to this tiny island full of exotic birds. Flamingos, dozens of types of Parrots which were so beautiful. On our way back to the port we spotted a giant whale splashing across the water along with its child. .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .postImageUrl , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:hover , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:visited , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:active { border:0!important; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:active , .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69dca3e9474bb53febf0ce1daa3bd36a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Short Note On Transmissible Infectious Disease And Infectious DiseasesWe then drove about 20 minutes out of the city to this spot in the middle of the rainforest, parked our car. Then a tourist guide met us and we hiked about 15 minutes in the rainforest until we got horses which were provided. Rode the horses for about 10 minutes till we got to this Giant waterfall about 200 feet high. We got in the water which was clear blue, so beautiful but cold. Went back to the city and said our goodbyes to our family and friends before we left. It is memories like this that will stick with me forever, I suggest you to visit the Dominican it’s a wonderful place.

Marc Chagalls I and the Village

The piece I have chosen for this assignment is Marc Chagalls I and the Village. This piece, done in oil paints seems to have taken on many of the characteristics of watercolors. Many of the colors are very translucent, and many bleed into each other. The subjects in this piece are very defined. However, I am unsure what point the artist is trying to make. The contrasting colors of green and red, along with blue and orange create movement, and keep your eye from staying in one place for very long. The ultimate effect of the whole piece is very tranquil and peaceful. There are no sharp points or angles, which helps create the effect of softness and calmness. In this painting, I feel that color is the predominant feature. I feel that the use of color in this work is very similar to the work of the Fauves in that it is liberally applied. Chagalls painting captures several scenes, occurring at the same time. These scenes being a women milking a cow, an man with a grass or hay cutting tool, and another man starring into the eyes of a cow. These subject matters really give you a sense of the past, and make the work quite nostalgic. I feel that there can be many reasons as to why Chagall chose to paint the subjects he painted. However, he feels quite differently, as shown in the following quote where he describes his work. I dont understand them at all. They are only pictorial arrangements of images that obsess me...The theories I would make up to explain myself and those which others elaborate in connection with my work are nonsense... My paintings are my reason for existence, my life, and thats all. I feel that Chagall chose the subjects of his past times because of everything that was going on in the world, while he was painting. This work was done in the beginning of a new century, of which had drastic changes in the everyday lives of many people due to new developments in technology

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One

What Is an AP Test Perfect Score Do You Need One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you read your local newspaper, you may have seen an article about someone from your area getting a â€Å"perfect score† on an AP exam. But what is an AP test perfect score, and how is it different from a 5? Keep reading to find out what an AP exam perfect score is, what it means, how many students get one, and if it’s a goal you should be aiming for. What Is a Perfect AP Score and What Does It Signify? If you receive a perfect score on an AP exam, that means that you received every point possible on the exam.So you answered every multiple-choice question correctly and scored the maximum amount of points on every free response question. Pretty impressive! How does this relate to the score you get from 1-5? Well, if you get a perfect score you will definitely get a 5 on the exam. But your 5 won’t be worth more than anyone else’s 5. Additionally, you don’t need to get anything close to a perfect score to get a 5 on the exam. In other words, the fact that you got a perfect score doesn’t really increase the value of your standard score on the 5-point scale. In fact, your perfect score is not even reported on your score report- just the 5. When a student achievesa perfect score, the College Board usually informs the school directly in the fall. The school then informs the student. This often seems to lead to a level of minor local celebrity, with perfect scorers frequently being interviewed by local newspapers and having articles written up about them on school websites. As mentioned above, the perfect score doesn’t appear on your score report, but it’s certainly something worth reporting to colleges if it does happen because it is impressive and unusual. A perfect score would make you the slightly different yellow locker in this row of orange lockers. How Many Students Geta Perfect Score on an AP Exam? Just how unusual is it to get a perfect score on an AP exam? It depends on the exam, but no matter the test, it’s a rare feat. The College Board released a document of 2013 AP test perfect score stats, but it doesn’t appear they’ve created a similar document for 2014 or 2015. However, a series of tweets by the College Board’s head of AP, Trevor Packer, reveals all the info about how many students got perfect scores in 2015. I’ve assembled the info into a chart that shows how many perfect scores there were by number and by percentage of test-takers in 2015, as well asthe percentage of test takers who received a 5 in each exam. 2015 Perfect Scores as Compared to Fives Exam # Perfect Scores # Test-Takers % Perfect Scores % 5s Calculus AB 3 302,532 .00099% 24.6% Calculus BC 1 118,707 .00084% 48.4% AP Chemistry 3 152,745 .00196% 10.1% Computer Science A 66 48,994 .1347% 21.3% French Language 1 22,084 .0045% 18.4% US Gov and Politics 3 282,571 .00106% 11.9% Latin 1 6,571 .0152% 13.2% Macroeconomics 18 126,267 .01426% 16.1% Microeconomics 49 78,408 .0625% 15.9% Physics C: EM 1 22,789 .0044% 33.5% Physics C: Mechanics 6 52,678 .0114% 32.4% Psychology 4 276,971 .0014% 18.7% Spanish Language 7 144,561 .0048% 24.6% Statistics 2 195,526 .001% 14.3% As you can see, while at least ten percent of test takers scored a 5 on each exam,the perfect scoresare teeny, teeny, teeny percentages. Microeconomics and Computer Science A had the highest percentage of perfect scorers by a fairly large margin, but even those have minusculecounts of .0625% and .1347%, respectively. There were a small number of perfect scores for the AP Art portfolios, but since those aren’t graded via an exam, I left them off the chart. Otherwise, if a test isn’t in this chart, there were no perfect scores. AP Exams with no perfects in 2015 were: Art History, Biology, Chinese, English Language, English Literature, Environmental Science, European History, German, Comparative Government and Politics, Human Geography, Italian, Japanese, Physics 1, Physics 2, Spanish Literature, US History, World History. In sum: perfect scores on AP exams are a super-rare occurrence. Super-rare like emerald jewels. Is Getting a Perfect Score a Realistic Goal? Given how few students get them, it’s not a very attainable or realistic goal to actively try for a perfect score on an AP exam, even for a test where perfect scores are marginally more common like Microeconomics or Computer Science A. Even if you have total mastery of a subject, just one tiny mistake on test day will prevent you from getting a perfect score. Additionally,you will never know how close you were if you don’t get a perfect score- raw point totals aren’t reported to students.You could get 179/180 points and never know anything except that you got a 5. That makes a perfect score a frustrating goal in addition to a difficult one! The marginal benefit is also not that high- a small level of brief local celebrity and an impressive factoid for your college applications. If you really want to stand out to colleges, there arebetter ways to develop your applicationthat are more within your control and where your work will pay off more directly. In terms of test scores, it makes much more sense to work on getting top marks on your standardized college entrance exams like the SAT, the ACT, and SAT Subject Tests.Any solid preparation work you put in there will pay off in your reported scores, unlike on an AP exam, where you either get a perfect or you never find out your raw score. The truth is, based on local news profiles, most AP test perfect scorers are surprised to have gotten a perfect score and weren’t specifically aiming for one. So, while it’s not impossible to get a perfect score on an AP exam, particularly in a subject you are very gifted in, it’s not really worth your time to specifically aim for a perfect. Aim for a 5, do your best, and it could happen, but don’t stress overit. Reach for the stars! And by stars, I mean a 5. Key Takeaways While it won’t give you any more college credit or show up on your score report, a perfect score on an AP exam- full credit for all exam portions- is an impressive accomplishment. Only a small number of students get perfect scores each year. However, I don’t recommend making a perfect score your goal, simply because the benefits as opposed to getting a 5 are only marginal. You’d be much better served working for perfect marks on the SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject tests. What's Next? Studying for your AP exams? Learn when you need to start preparing for your AP tests to get that coveted 5. If you're taking a variety of tests, figure out whether AP exams or Subject Tests are more important for you. Wondering what the revised SAT format means for you?Or maybe you're taking the ACT and looking for all of our ACT study guide resources! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Finance Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance Accounting - Essay Example The accounts above are made in light of portraying a true picture to the shareholders as well as any investors interested in the company. The true and fair view concept has been at the heart of financial reporting in the UK for over forty years. In recent years there has been a major increase in the international importance of this concept. This has come about with its adoption by the European Community in the Fourth Directive on company law and its implementation in all Community countries. However, this concept has never been defined in UK legislation, and a variety of meanings can be attributed to it. In view of the recent international developments and given that the UK is the source of the concept, this study sought to elicit the views of senior UK practitioners on the true and fair concept. The FRC has laid three points: that the concept of the 'true and fair view' remained a cornerstone of financial reporting and auditing in the UK; that there had been 'no substantive change in the objectives of an audit and the nature of auditors' responsibilities'; and that the need for professional judgement 'remained central to the work of preparers of accounts and auditors in the UK'. To support the application of the "true and fair view", accounting has adopted certain concepts and conventions which help to ensure that accounting information is presented accurately and consistently. The most commonly encountered convention is the 'historical cost convention'. This requires transactions to be recorded at the price ruling at the time, and for assets to be valued at their original cost. This is applicable when the calculations were made for the fixed assets of plant and machinery, fixtures and fittings and buildings. Under the...In view of the recent international developments and given that the UK is the source of the concept, this study sought to elicit the views of senior UK practitioners on the true and fair concept. The FRC has laid three points: that the concept of the 'true and fair view' remained a cornerstone of financial reporting and auditing in the UK; that there had been 'no substantive change in the objectives of an audit and the nature of auditors' responsibilities'; and that the need for professional judgement 'remained central to the work of preparers of accounts and auditors in the UK'. To support the application of the "true and fair view", accounting has adopted certain concepts and conventions which help to ensure that accounting information is presented accurately and consistently. The most commonly encountered convention is the 'historical cost convention'. This requires transactions to be recorded at the price ruling at the time, and for assets to be valued at their original cost. This is applicable when the calculations were made for the fixed assets of plant and machinery, fixtures and fittings and buildings. Under the "historical cost convention", therefore, no account is taken of changing prices in the economy. The other convention used is the monetary measurement concept.

Market Segmentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Market Segmentation - Essay Example Survey comprise of elemental phases like population sampling, adoption of appropriate research design, data collection, and finally analysis of resultant data into meaningful information. In order to maintain objectivity, researchers need to follow all these steps. In this essay, we will appraise utilization of survey methodology in obtaining information about market segmentation in Doha. The company conducting this survey plans to sell fast food to university students in the CBE. Hankin and Rhoads (2011) agree that from a theoretical perspective, fast foods are usually associated with negative effects on health concerns of consumers. In this case, the company needs substantial knowledge before deciding to roll out a fast food program within the university’s premises. The desired market segment within the selected consumer population aims at evaluating the potential of female students in purchasing fast food from the company’s outlets. In order to obtain informed data, we will customize research questions to evaluate the students’ concerns on consumption of healthy food. All the campuses of CBE have a vast number of students. Therefore, the survey started by obtaining a representative sample from the entire female student population. The sample comprised of students aged between 21-28years of age. Approximately 75% of the sample comprised of undergraduate students. The entire sample comprised of 100 students, all of which were female students. On the aspect of research design, the survey exercise adopted the use of questionnaires in acquiring information from the sampled students. Based on the work of Jessen (2008), questionnaires proved effective in acquiring first hand... The company conducting this survey plans to sell fast food to university students in the CBE. Hankin and Rhoads (2011) agree that from a theoretical perspective, fast foods are usually associated with negative effects on health concerns of consumers. In this case, the company needs substantial knowledge before deciding to roll out a fast food program within the university’s premises. The desired market segment within the selected consumer population aims at evaluating the potential of female students in purchasing fast food from the company’s outlets. In order to obtain informed data, we will customize research questions to evaluate the students’ concerns on consumption of healthy food. All the campuses of CBE have a vast number of students. Therefore, the survey started by obtaining a representative sample from the entire female student population. The sample comprised of students aged between 21-28years of age. Approximately 75% of the sample comprised of under graduate students. The entire sample comprised of 100 students, all of which were female students. On the aspect of research design, the survey exercise adopted the use of questionnaires in acquiring information from the sampled students. Based on the work of Jessen (2008), questionnaires proved effective in acquiring first-hand information from the target consumers; hence enhancing objectivity and reality of information obtained. In this regard, the exercise used primary sources in as the most appropriate mode of data collection.

Nestle Strategies Essay Example for Free

Nestle Strategies Essay Four competitive advantages In recent years the Nestle 4x4x4 Roadmap has helped us build both a strong alignment within our Company and a deep understanding of what we want to achieve, strategically and ? nancially, and how to go about it. Our people are better able than ever today to pursue our ambition to be the recognised and trusted leader in Nutrition, Health and Wellness. That trust is re? cted in the hundreds of millions of purchase decisions – made by consumers every day – enabling them to enhance their lives and those of their families by providing tastier and healthier food and beverage choices for all stages of life, and at any time of the day. True to our values and principles, and our commitment to environmental sustainability and compliance along every step of our value chain, we also seek to Create Shared Value in communities where we operate. We believe that this is the only way to secure long-term value creation for our shareholders. Our commitment is to provide Good Food, Good Life. Nestle’s product and brand portfolio ranges from global icons to local favourites. It is supported by an unmatched research and development capability, with clear priorities, focused on driving innovation and renovation that is relevant and attractive for consumers. Our Group has an unmatched geographic presence, due to the depth of our roots in countries all over the world, which often stretch back many generations. This has created strong relationships between our brands and their consumers, as well as an unrivalled understanding of consumers, enabling us to anticipate their needs and improve the quality of their lives. Our people, culture, values and attitude are our greatest strength. The Nestle culture, with its natural openness to diversity, binds our people together all over the world with a shared set of behaviours and values into a single way of doing business. Our culture combines a long-term mindset with shortterm action. It encompasses a passion for quality – in products, in relationships, in everything we do. It is focused on competitiveness, calculated risk-taking and an unswerving determination to deliver our goals, while creating value for society as a whole. Four growth drivers Leadership in Nutrition, Health and Wellness means offering tastier and healthier choices to consumers throughout the day; it means responding to speci? c nutritional needs through Nestle Nutrition; and it means pioneering ways to address critical illness through nutrition at Nestle Health Science. Emerging consumers are consuming our Popularly Positioned Products (PPP). We bring all our nutritional know-how to these consumers, the same brand promise and quality, and we strive to add the extra plus – such as forti? cation against nutritional de? ciencies. With premium products, consumers want an indulgent moment of pleasure, an everyday reward. Our premiumisation strategy, incorporating systems, services and products, is enhancing consumers’ lives, whilst creating additional value per consumption moment: many consumers are not looking to eat and drink more; they are looking to eat and drink better. Out-of-home consumption is a fast growing part of our industry. This covers leisure, from roadside kiosks in Asia to gourmet restaurants in the capitals of the world, and institutional catering, from schools to hospitals. Our focus here is on added-value branded food and beverage solutions and services. Four operational pillars We want to be the leader in innovation and renovation, whether of products, systems or processes. Some products will be entirely new, some will have a refreshed aspect. Regardless, we take an invigorating point of view to keep our consumers excited about our brands. We also need to have the most ef? cient supply chain – from farm to fork and beyond – to ensure that we have the best raw materials, the best processes and the freshest products on our customers’ shelves. Nestle Continuous Excellence is our approach to operational ef? ciency, with its objectives of eliminating waste, increasing ef? ciency and effectiveness, and improving quality in all operations. It is not enough, however, just to make the most innovative products in the most ef? ient way; we also need to ensure that our products are available sustainably whenever, wherever and however consumers want to buy them. And, of course, we need to engage with our consumers in a dynamic way: both to keep them abreast of all that is new and exciting, but also to learn from them, so that we can bring their experiences to bear on our new and updated products – helping us to achieve our ambition to be a leader in innovation and renovation. You will ? nd some of these aspects brought to life on the following pages.

Censorship Essay -- essays research papers

Censorship of Violence Why does anyone care if our society is aggressive? Does the kid who decides to fire a gun into his school do so because he watched Natural Born Killers? Is violence in our communities really causing anyone any abnormal amount of heartache? To the victims, and the families and friends of the victims, surely it does. Perhaps there are still some individuals who care just for the sake of caring, not because they are grieving a loss. But what does it all mean, and what is causing it? Some will point fingers at their televisions and movie theatres and assert that they are to blame. Not being one in the habit of pointing fingers and making absurd accusations, I will explain the free will of man and his inalienable rights to free speech. To censor television and motion pictures because of one faction's set of morals is earily similar to book burning. Censorship of media messages is an explicit violation of our constitutionally protected right to expression, and as such, should not be looked to as a solution for modern-day violence in society. The First Amendment states; "Congress shall make no law†¦ abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press." (Jefferson, US Constitution). We are an enlightened population well-versed in the understanding of our constitutionally protected natural rights. Freedom of Speech protects us, as citizens, from being persecuted for expressing our thoughts and ideas. This transcends into the idea of freedom of expression. We all have the right and ability to express ourselves, and to analyze the messages we receive. Our republic was founded on what were then radical, controversial ideas. The founding fathers understood the importance of freedom of expression. So why today do we not? Cries for censorship ring loudly across the nation. Kids are killing kids. Schools are slowly becoming places of violence, not educational institutions, and the solution is not to infringe upon our rights. Information is power. New ideas and thou ghts propagate improvement. Without free expression, this is not possible. To control the free exchange of thoughts, ideas, and social and moral inquiry, is to severely handicap the intellect of our society. First and foremost, censorship is a blatant violation of free speech. Second, it is a poor approach to controlling the omnipresent problem of violence in society. In the novel... ...lines of communication so that what is being watched is discussed. Teach the difference between reality and fantasy. It is not the duty of the government to monitor and regulate what Citizens do. This is a personal responsibility we have to ourselves. Open your eyes, pay attention to the messages around you, and make a conscious effort to analyze what you are accepting into your head. Censorship of media messages is an explicit violation of our constitutionally protected right to expression, and as such, should not be looked to as a solution for modern-day violence in society. Infringing upon our freedoms of speech and expression is not a substitute for being a responsible viewer. Paternalistic Moralism by the government limits our thinking. A universal code of acceptability confines our thoughts to that of one narrow faction. We have the right to express ourselves openly in many outlets. Censoring these outlets not only hurts the artist- be he a writer, painter, or musician, it also denies our society the opportunity to elevate its' thinking. Censorship of violent themes in the media accomplishes little to nothing, and has the exorbitant cost of our personal freedom of expression

Sonnet 104

Essay: Sonnet 104 Sonnet 104 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English poet William Shakespeare. It's a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a fair friend. Each stanza expresses Shakespeare’s relationship with his beloved. The sonnet deals with the destructive forces of time as humans grow older and makes a commentary on the process of aging. In the first quatrain, the poet focuses on his beloved, exploring the theme of beauty and aging. The very beginning of the quatrain begins with â€Å"To me†, and in the second line, ends with â€Å"eye I eyed. These two phrases signified that what he was writing was from his own perspective. The poet did not consider the opinion of the reader and later in the quatrain, continues this theme when he states, â€Å"Such seems† in the third line. This quatrain was a commentary on the beauty of his beloved friend. The poet acknowledges that this is his perspective; yet he does not ack nowledge the perspective of anyone else. These lines also discuss that his beloved friend is as beautiful as when they first met and that his opinion of beauty is not judged upon the reader.In the second quatrain, the poet focuses on time passing the significance of evolution. This theme progresses with the continual mentioning of seasons. The poet wants to emphasize the three years that have passed. The natural cycle between seasons emphasizes the time passing. â€Å"Summers pride† gives way to â€Å"winters cold†, â€Å"beauteous springs† give way to â€Å"yellow autumn†, and April perfumes make way to the â€Å"hot Junes burnd†. This is not only a commentary on how much time has passed, but also a commentary on how beauty can fade.As stated in the phrases listed above, the changes in seasons always lead to a different landscape. With this evolution, it is only natural that beauty fades. However, the poet makes is blatantly clear in the eighth li ne that his beloved never changes. This last line of the quatrain shows that his beloved is a fresh beauty. The use of the words â€Å"green† and â€Å"fresh† signify his beloved’s youthfulness and prove that he has defied nature. This breaking of the cycle proves to be a powerful use of language and diction.In the third quatrain, the poet recognizes that his beliefs are unnatural, and creates a shift in the sonnet. The ninth line instigates the shift once the poet writes, â€Å"Ah, yet†. This sign tone and shift in perception help him come to a realization. This recognition proves that the poet is fooling himself about his friend’s beauty. The â€Å"dial-hand† mentioned in the ninth line signifies that even though his beloved friend is actually aging, he only sees him to be beautiful. This metaphor is a perfect representation of his perception of beauty.As the quatrain continues he explains that his eye deceives him of reality. Like a clock hand moves slowly, he slowly recognizes reality. In conclusion, sonnet 104 is a commentary on the poet’s perception versus reality. The poet ends the sonnet by announcing that no one, after he and his beloved die, could ever understand what beauty really is. The height of beauty was when his fair friend lived. Beauty was and will always be understood as a part of his writing. Though his friend may not be living, his beauty still lies within the poet’s literature.

Pubs in the Uk

This report intends to determine why pubs in the UK are increasingly transforming into gastro pubs. The first part of this study will review recent statistics to give an overview of the pub sector’s position in the hospitality industry, to describe the size, scope and decline of this individual sector. The second part will evaluate how macro factors have affected this industry, both in the last 10 years and currently, using PESTEL analysis. This analysis will then be used to forecast directions for the pub sector.The Palmerston, a pub turned gastro pub, will be referred to, to illustrate these findings and profitable recommendations will be made for the sector and The Palmerston Although the report focuses on pubs, statistics used represent bars and nightclubs as these are commonly perceived to be the same sector. PESTEL factors have, where possible, been analysed in separate sections even though some can be related to one another. Sector Overview Traditionally, pubs existed s olely for selling alcoholic drinks as they represented a retail dimension for breweries (Market & Business Development (MBD), 2000).This has changed to pubs focusing on other features to attract customers, such as providing more entertainment and becoming a food-led outlet. According to statistics from people 1st (2008), the pubs, bars and nightclubs sector is one of the biggest within the hospitality industry in terms of labour force size, number of enterprises and establishments and turnover (see appendix 1, 2 and 3 ). The majority of the workforce is part time and female (see appendix 4 and 5). Although a large sector, pubs are in decline.Pub closures in the UK have increased to five every day partly due to dropping beer consumption (British Beer & Pub Association (BBPA), 2008). This market has seen a constant drop over the last 30 years with only one small rise in 1988 (see appendix 6). Independent pubs are constantly adapting to keep negative impact to a minimum. As Blyth (2002 ) notes, many pubs are finding success when moving away from the traditional concept. Past PESTEL Factors Political: After the successful smoking ban in Ireland, the UK Government announced plans for a smoking ban in 2004 (http://www. forestonline. rg/output/Public-Smoking-Bans. aspx). Baker (2008) suggests a significantly higher proportion of adults were more likely to visit a smoke-free pub. However, some pubs did not agree with this so looked to change their image and concept. Economical and Sociological: A prosperous economy increased disposable income and improved standards of living. Huxley (2003: 8) highlights that â€Å"increasing number of women working and/or opting not to have children† had increased wealth. A report (Peach Factory, 2007) showed women dined out more than men and preferred casual dining formats hence a boom in such outlets.Pubs lost customers as lifestyle changes saw people spending more time in outlets serving good value food. Consequently, pubs lo oked to invest in becoming more food-led. Technological: The introduction and improvement of satellite television allowed pubs to supply entertainment at their premises, attracting more customers (MBD 2000). Some pubs were unable to adopt this as licences proved too costly resulting in loss of customers. Environmental: Climate Change Levy, energy tax introduced in 2001, encouraged pubs to introduce energy-efficient measures to reduce energy consumption.Companies that cooperated were rewarded (caterer search, 2002). Legal: Drug dealing was common in pubs as ample distractions allowed dealers to work (caterer search, 2001). Legislations, such as the Public Entertainment Licence (Drug Misuse) Act 1997, allowed licensees to prohibit drug dealing and thus improved the number of desired customers. Pubs sought to create more inviting premises. The Palmerston The Palmerston recognised changes were important so closed for refurbishment in 2003. Upon opening in 2004, the improved menu and aes thetics (including a segregated section for smokers) was an instant success. Current PESTEL FactorsPolitical: The government is trying to reduce binge drinking and alcohol-linked violence by imposing policies on pubs to display alcohol-unit levels, health warnings on drink labels and banning ‘happy hour’ promotions (Ford, 2008). Failure of cooperation will lead to legislation. Pubs may suffer with this costly process. Economical: The UK economy is currently attempting to stabilise as it faces recession. The Chancellor announced in the latest pre-budget report that duty on alcohol would be raised (Thomas 2008), creating more problems for pubs already experiencing major losses with the â€Å"above-inflationary duty increases† (BBPA 2008).Sociological: Duce (2006) suggests that pubs cannot compete with supermarkets (which are cutting prices) as more customers are buying alcohol to drink at home. Pubs have looked to increase revenue elsewhere and have led to more foc using on being food-led. Technological: As wireless technology continues to expand globally, pubs are installing wireless internet connections within the premises to compete with other outlets supplying this popular format (Walton, 2007). Environmental:A report (The Peach Factory, 2007) shows increased awareness of global issues, such as the impact of food miles on the environment, has made pubs focus on locally and organically produced food. Those providing for this trend are popular due to being perceived as supporting the local community and environment. Legal: The Smoking Ban was legalised on 1st July 2007 and, as Baker (2008) states, â€Å"has had a devastating effect on pub trade†. Many independent pubs have not been able to compete with the large pub chains that have invested in outdoor smoking areas. This is a major reason why many pubs are closing.The Palmerston: The Palmerston adjusted to the smoking ban and integrated a wireless network in 2004 so negative impact w as minimal. It focuses its services to families and promotions are food related. Although alcohol sales may be down, food sales are high. Future PESTEL Factors Political and Legal: The All-Party Parliamentary Beer Group (caterer search, 2008) advises the government to make changes to improve pubs’ viability. Suggestions have ranged from reducing the rate of beer duty to banning supermarkets from selling alcohol at minimal prices (Thomas, 2008).If the government recognises and acts on these concerns, pubs may find business improves. Economical: The hospitality industry is predicted to take 50-70% of the possible ? 1. 4b-? 2b profit from the London Olympic Games 2012, reports Thomas (2006). This may inject the economy with prosperity, if it has not by then, and provide pubs a chance to increase sales and attract visitors who want to experience UK’s national drink – beer. Sociological: The hospitality industry employed over 152,000 migrant workers at the beginning of 2008 according to Home Office figures (2008).However, Walton (2008: 7) learned â€Å"migrant workers are increasingly turning their backs on the UK hospitality industry because of the falling of the pound†. Pubs that currently employ migrant workers may implement long-term recruitment processes to attract more UK workers. Technological: Bentley (2008: 34) acknowledges there is â€Å"evidence that greener approaches to computing are moving into the mainstream†. Pubs may demand this, if made mainstream, to reduce power consumption, which would be valuable if energy costs continue to rise. Environmental:Climate change is increasing flooding in the UK and northern Europe, causing heat waves and droughts in southern Europe and Australia. As this causes major problems with harvests, food prices are more likely to rise, suggests Vaughan (2008). Pubs must find ways to absorb the rising costs. The Palmerston: The Palmerston sources its food produce locally, helping both the environment and their costs. The low staff turnover indicates it has a successful training process. Conclusion With falling beer consumption and increased tax on alcohol, pubs are closing at rapid rates.Negative media, such as binge drinking and alcohol-related violence, poses to be a real threat to pubs as policies are introduced. After a decade of prosperity, the economy is now in decline which is presenting more problems for pubs. Those that have survived have become food-led pubs as more people have been dining out due to higher disposable income from an increasingly affluent economy. Due to immense competition in the food industry, pubs have concentrated on creating traditional menus prepared to the highest-quality.To reflect this and cope with changing clientele from the smoking ban, premises have been updated to create more inviting and family-friendly surroundings. The combination of all these features, and considerable transformation, creates the present gastro pub. The Pal merston underwent all these changes and declared a successful gastro pub when it re-opened in 2004. Recommendations The pub sector is in decline and may continue because of the current economic situation. Pubs must find different ways of increasing revenue as alcohol sales plummet.This may include introducing attractive menus and hiring professional chefs to maximise its potential. Available technology for customers is essential and pubs should install their own wireless network. The Palmerston has already adapted to many macro factors that have negatively affected other pubs. However, in order for it to continue succeeding it must keep adjusting as the economy declines. Since food is one of its most popular products it must ensure this remains attractive and consistently prepared to a high standard.As food costs rise the menu should be analysed and any item that is being incorrectly sourced should be replaced by an adequate substitute, but still maintaining the quality. Families ar e one of the main targets for The Palmerston, so every care should be made on satisfying both parents and children. Re-introducing traditional board games is suggested as they typically inspire family unity. Pubs in neighbouring areas supply these games and have proved to be popular. The Palmerston could introduce affordable ‘themed evenings’ to attract the local community to congregate and socialise in a relaxing atmosphere.

Spanish Flu Pandemic That Killed Millions in 1918

Spanish Flu Pandemic That Killed Millions in 1918 Every year, flu viruses make people sick. Even the garden-variety flu may kill people, but usually only the very young or the very old. In 1918, the flu mutated into something much more virulent. This new, deadlier flu acted very strangely; it seemed to target the young and healthy, being particularly deadly to 20 to 35-year-olds. In three waves from March 1918 to the Spring of 1919, this deadly flu spread quickly around the world, infecting hundreds of millions of people and killing 50 million to 100 million (upwards of 5% of the worlds population). This flu went by many names, including Spanish flu, grippe, Spanish Lady, the three-day fever, purulent bronchitis, sandfly fever, Blitz Katarrh. The First Reported Cases of the Spanish Flu No one is quite sure exactly where the Spanish flu first struck. Some researchers have pointed to origins in China, while others have traced it back to a small town in Kansas. The best recorded first case occurred in Fort Riley. Fort Riley was a military outpost in Kansas where new recruits were trained before being sent to Europe to fight in World War I. On March 11, 1918, Private Albert Gitchell, a company cook, came down with symptoms that at first appeared to be a bad cold. Gitchell went to the infirmary and was isolated. Within an hour, several additional soldiers had come down with the same symptoms and were also isolated. Despite the attempt to isolate those with symptoms, this extremely contagious flu quickly spread through Fort Riley. After five weeks, 1,127 soldiers at Fort Riley had been stricken with the Spanish flu; 46 of them had died. The Flu Spreads and Gets a Name Soon, reports of the same flu were noted in other military camps around the United States. Shortly thereafter, the flu infected soldiers on board transport ships. Although it was unintended, American troops brought this new flu with them to Europe. Beginning in mid-May, the flu started to strike French soldiers as well. The flu traveled across Europe, infecting people in nearly every country. When the flu rampaged through Spain, the Spanish government publicly announced the epidemic. Spain was the first country to be struck by the flu that was not involved in World War I; thus, it was the first country not to censor their health reports. Since most people first heard about the flu from its attack on Spain, the new flu was named the Spanish flu. The Spanish flu then spread to Russia, India, China, and Africa. By the end of July 1918, after having infected people all around the world, this first wave of the Spanish flu appeared to be dying out. The Spanish Flu Becomes Incredibly Deadly While the first wave of the Spanish flu had been extremely contagious, the second wave of the Spanish flu was both contagious and exceedingly deadly. In late August 1918, the second wave of the Spanish flu struck three port cities at nearly the same time. These cities (Boston, United States; Brest, France; and Freetown, Sierra Leone) all felt the lethalness of this new mutation immediately. Hospitals quickly became overwhelmed by the sheer numbers of patients. When hospitals filled up, tent hospitals were erected on lawns. Nurses and doctors were already in short supply because so many of them had gone to Europe to help with the war effort. Desperately needing help, hospitals asked for volunteers. Knowing they were risking their own lives by helping these contagious victims, many people, especially women, signed up anyway to help as best they could. The Symptoms of the Spanish Flu The victims of the 1918 Spanish flu suffered greatly. Within hours of feeling the first symptoms of extreme fatigue, fever, and headache, victims would start turning blue. Sometimes the blue color became so pronounced that it was difficult to determine a patients original skin color. The patients would cough with such force that some even tore their abdominal muscles. Foamy blood exited from their mouths and noses. A few bled from their ears. Some vomited; others became incontinent. The Spanish flu struck so suddenly and severely that many of its victims died within hours of coming down with their first symptom. Some died a day or two after realizing they were sick. Taking Precautions Not surprisingly, the severity of the Spanish flu was alarming. People around the world worried about getting it. Some cities ordered everyone to wear masks. Spitting and coughing in public was prohibited. Schools and theaters were closed. People also tried their own homemade prevention remedies, such as eating raw onions, keeping a potato in their pocket, or wearing a bag of camphor around their neck. None of these things stemmed the onslaught of the Spanish flus deadly second wave. Piles of Dead Bodies The number of bodies from the victims of the Spanish flu quickly outnumbered the available resources to deal with them. Morgues were forced to stack bodies like cordwood in the corridors. There werent enough coffins for all the bodies, nor were there enough people to dig individual graves. In many places, mass graves were dug to free the towns and cities of the masses of rotting corpses. Spanish Flu Childrens Rhyme When the  Spanish flu  killed millions of people around the world, it affected everyone. While the adults walked around wearing masks, children skipped rope to this rhyme. I had a little birdIts name was EnzaI opened a windowAnd In-flu-enza. Armistice Brings Third Wave of the Spanish Flu On November 11, 1918, an armistice brought an end to World War I. People around the world celebrated the end of this total war and felt jubilant that perhaps they were free from the deaths caused by both war and flu. However, as people hit the streets, gave kisses and hugs to returning soldiers, they also started a third wave of the Spanish flu. The third wave of the Spanish flu was not as deadly as the second wave, but still deadlier than the first. Although this third wave also went around the world, killing many of its victims, it received much less attention. People were ready to start their lives over again after the war; they were no longer interested in hearing about or fearing a deadly flu. Gone but Not Forgotten The third wave lingered. Some say it ended in the spring of 1919, while others believe it continued to claim victims through 1920. Eventually, however, this deadly strain of the flu disappeared. To this day, no one knows why the flu virus suddenly mutated into such a deadly form. Nor do they know how to prevent it from happening again. Scientists and researchers continue to research and learn about the 1918 Spanish flu in the hopes of being able to prevent another worldwide pandemic of the flu.

Salt Flats Formation, Activity, and Examples

Salt Flats Formation, Activity, and Examples Salt flats, also called salt pans, are large and flat areas of land that were once lake beds. Salt flats are covered with salt and other minerals and they oftentimes look white because of the salt presence. These areas of land generally form in deserts and other arid places where large bodies of water have dried up over thousands of years and the salt and other minerals are the remnants. There are salt flats found around the world but some of the largest examples include the Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia, the Bonneville Salt Flats in the state of Utah and those found in California’s Death Valley National Park.   Formation of Salt Flats   According to the United States’ National Park Service, there are three basic things that are needed for salt flats to form. These are a source of salts, an enclosed drainage basin so the salts do not wash out and an arid climate where evaporation is greater than precipitation so the salts can get left behind when the water dries up (National Park Service).   An arid climate is the most important component of salt flat formation. In arid places, rivers with large, meandering stream networks are rare because of a lack of water. As a result, many lakes, if they exist at all, do not have natural outlets such as streams. Enclosed drainage basins are important because they hinder the formation of water outlets. In the western United States, for instance, there is the basin and range region in the states of Nevada and Utah. The topography of these basins consist of deep, flat bowls where the drainage is enclosed because water draining out of the region cannot climb up the mountain ranges surrounding the basins (Alden). Finally, the arid climate comes into play because evaporation must exceed precipitation in the water in the basins for the salt flats to eventually form. In addition to enclosed drainage basins and arid climates, there must also be an actual presence of salt and other minerals in the lakes for salt flats to form. All water bodies contain a variety of dissolved minerals and as lakes dry up through thousands of years of evaporation the minerals become solids and are dropped where the lakes once were. Calcite and gypsum are among some of the minerals found in water but salts, mostly halite, are found in large concentrations in some bodies of water (Alden). It is in places where halite and other salts are found in abundance that salt flats eventually form.   Salt Flat Examples   Salar de Uyuni Large salt flats are found around the world in places such as the United States, South America, and Africa. The largest salt flat in the world is the Salar de Uyuni, located in the Potosi and Oruro, Bolivia. It covers 4,086 square miles (10,852 sq km) and is located at an elevation of 11,995 feet (3,656 m). The Salar de Uyuni is a part of the Altiplano plateau that formed as the Andes Mountains were uplifted. The plateau is home to many lakes and the salt flats formed after several prehistoric lakes evaporated over thousands of years. Scientists believe that the area was an extremely large lake called Lake Minchin around 30,000 to 42,000 years ago (Wikipedia.org). As Lake Minchin began to dry up due to a lack of precipitation and no outlet (the region is surrounded by the Andes Mountains) it became a series of smaller lakes and dry areas. Eventually, the Poopà ³ and Uru Uru lakes and the Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa salt flats were all that remained. The Salar de Uyuni is significant not only because of its very large size but also because it is a large breeding ground for pink flamingoes, it serves as a transportation route across the Altiplano and it is a rich area for the mining of valuable minerals such as sodium, potassium, lithium and magnesium.   Bonneville Salt Flats   The Bonneville Salt Flats are located in the U.S. state of Utah between the border with Nevada and the Great Salt Lake. They cover about 45 square miles (116.5 sq km) and are managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern and a Special Recreation Management Area (Bureau of Land Management). They are part of the United States’ Basin and Range system.   The Bonneville Salt Flats are a remnant of the very large Lake Bonneville that existed in the area about 17,000 years ago. At its peak, the lake was 1,000 feet (304 m) deep. According to the Bureau of Land Management, evidence for the lake’s depth can be seen on the surrounding Silver Island Mountains. The salt flats began to form as precipitation decreased with a changing climate and the water in Lake Bonneville began to evaporate and recede. As the water evaporated, minerals such as potash and halite were deposited on the remaining soils. Eventually, these minerals built up and were compacted to form a hard, flat, and salty surface. Today the Bonneville Salt Flats are about 5 feet (1.5 m) thick at their center and just are just a few inches thick at the edges. The Bonneville Salt Flats are about 90% salt and consists of about 147 million tons of salt (Bureau of Land Management).   Death Valley The Badwater Basin salt flats located in California’s Death Valley National Park cover about 200 square miles (518 sq km). It is believed that the salt flats are the remnants of the ancient Lake Manly that filled Death Valley about 10,000 to 11,000 years ago as well as more active weather processes today. The main sources of Badwater Basin’s salt are what was evaporated from that lake but also from Death Valley’s nearly 9,000-square mile (23,310 sq km) drainage system that extends to the peaks surrounding the basin (National Park Service). During the wet season precipitation falls on these mountains and then runs off into the very low elevation Death Valley (Badwater Basin is, in fact, the lowest point in North America at -282 feet (-86 m)). In wet years, temporary lakes form and during the very hot, dry summers this water evaporates and minerals such as sodium chloride are left behind. After thousands of years, a salt crust has formed, creating salt flats.   Activities on Salt Flats   Because of the large presence of salts and other minerals, salt flats are often places that are mined for their resources. In addition, there are many other human activities and development that have taken place on them because of their very large, flat nature. The Bonneville Salt Flats, for example, are home to land speed records, while the Salar de Uyuni is an ideal place for calibrating satellites. Their flat nature also makes them good travel routes and Interstate 80 runs through a portion of the Bonneville Salt Flats.

Levels of Analysis, Realism, and Liberalism Essay

Levels of Analysis, Realism, and Liberalism - Essay Example In the individual level, it is posited that a particular war -- which is a form of an international phenomenon -- is caused mainly by an individual, generally or specifically. Further, the factor at the individual level is substantially an immediate one (Cashman and Robinson 4). It is widely believed that the immediate cause of the 2003 Iraq War was primarily in the individual level. More specifically, U.S. President George W. Bush was the mastermind on why America went to war against Saddam Hussein’s Iraq. His personality or belief system was an important factor in realizing the war. If Al Gore had been the U.S. president, Levy and Thompson assert that America would probably have not invaded Iraq in the post-9/11 era (212). In the state level of analysis, war -- such as the Iraq War -- is significantly caused by the nature or form of the state, government, or political party. Hallenberg and Karlsson contend that the 2003 Iraq War had materialized due essentially to the Republ ican Party’s neo-conservative stance (233). Also known as neo-imperialism, the Republican Party believes in the so-called â€Å"manifest destiny† in which America is tasked to free the â€Å"savage† countries from fascism, terrorism and others. It must be noted that Iraq, in the pre-Iraq War, was dominated by a dictatorial leader. To free the Iraqi people from bondage and oppression, America via the Republican Party went to war against terrorism. ... Particularly using the realist paradigm, scholars and people are able to view this war phenomenon in a more objective fashion. Perhaps it is true that the individual level is somewhat compelling in saying that it is immediate cause of the Iraq War; nevertheless, the whole picture elucidates that there are bigger forces or factors that greatly shaped the realization of war: power politics. In the pre-Iraq War period, the U.S. arguably felt threatened, real or imagine, with Iraq’s rising military power under Saddam Hussein. Based from the realist framework, the logical action for the superpower U.S. to do was to invade Iraq in order to secure America’s survival. The system level provides a much bigger picture in analyzing why America went to war. Compare and Contrast: Realism and Liberalism D’Anieri differentiates the two popular paradigms prominent in the field of international politics: between realism and liberalism. These two theories or praxes differ markedly on how they generally view the world politics. On the one hand, realism sees the international political arena in a more pessimistic way (D’Anieri 60). As its fundamental precept, the praxis of realism stipulates that states or nation-states greatly vie for power. D’Anieri notes that realism highly considers the theories of hegemonic stability and balance of power. Their similarities basically define the concept of realism: (1) anarchy is the major condition that constrains state action and/or policy, (2) rational/unitary states are the fundamental actors in the international political scene, (3) distribution of power defines and confines the system, among other things

Foreign Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foreign Relations - Essay Example The September 2001 terrorist attack in the United States motivated the formulation of new strategies. Such strategies moved the United States to attack Iraq, drawing support from its European allies. Louise Fawcett and Raymond Hinnebusch are two of the analysts who have sought to define how the Iraq war redefined the global political arena and the positions held by certain states in the global society. Evidently, the war caused a shift in the understanding of foreign relations trends. However, these two analysts express competing perspectives on the shift on the global foreign relations. This paper will address the competing perspectives. Hinnebusch considers the effects of the Iraq war, stating that the smaller states were under a surging threat as a consequence of the war. After the September 2001 attack, the United States heightened its surveillance and vigilance system. Such heightened systems provided a timely expose that Iraq had become a growing hub of nuclear weapons that cha llenged global security. The United States made the move to wage war against Iraq, in a bid to destabilize it, and eliminate the threat it was posing to the global societal welfare. Evidently, political and security trends are some of the critical issues that determine the direction taken by social agendas. As expected, the United States received support from Europe, specifically from closest ally in the region, United Kingdom. According to Hinnebusch, such support served as a restraint for the emergence of some form of constraints to the development of the war in 2003. In his argument, he makes it evident that the United States was a hegemony that made all the critical decisions determining the direction of the war (Hinnebusch 453). After the attack, Bush sets new strategies that would define the war on terror. The evident position of America on a global front compels it to prove highly decisive in sensitive issues such as the emerging terror. America decided that it would engage t he Iraq because of the threat it posed. Hinnebusch argues that all the other states only had to choose their stand depending on their relationship with the United States and the Middle East. The United Kingdom and japan exploited the opportunity to their advantage, a factor that altered the trends taken by foreign relations between these countries and the United States. However, smaller states had limited choice because they faced the greatest threat. The war affected numerous sectors of the global business front that in turn affected societies directly. The United States pursued personal interests, especially those tailored to promote its hegemony in the global economy. According to this critic, some countries defied the opinion expressed by their publics and confirmed their support for the united states because of the perceived benefits (Hinnebusch 457). The author describes how the hegemony stability order defines the strategies used by America to continue prevailing unconditiona lly. He further describes the global empire that America creates, that would serve to disadvantage the third world states because of the pressure it exerts on global economic and political scenarios. On the other hand, Fawcett explores the same issue, shedding new light on the effects of the Iraq war. According to him, may of the objectives of the war as never materialized despite the perception of the United States (Fawcett 328). Acting as a global hegemony, the United States

Succession Planning of A.C. Milan Research Paper

Succession Planning of A.C. Milan - Research Paper Example The soccer team plays in Series A league. A.C. Milan was established in 1899 by Herbert Kilpin and Alfred Edwards among others. The soccer team has its entire history in the top Italian football flight with an exception of 1982–83 and 1980–81seasons popular as Serie A between1929–30 (Singer, 2010). The club’s owner is former Prime Minister of Italy with a controlling shareholding by Mediaset Silvio Berlusconi as well as Adriano Galliani, the vice-president. The soccer team is ranked as a wealthy and most valuable asset in the Italian, as well as world football. The soccer team was one of the founding members of G-14 group (now-defunct) in Europes leading football clubs as well as the replacement, European Club Association. Milans subsequent seasons of success were derived from the former player, Carlo Ancelotti. His November 2001 appointment allowed Ancelotti to take Milan to 2003 Champions League final. However, the soccer team was defeated Juventus through penalty shoot-out to secure the sixth European Cup for the club. The members won scudetto between 2003 and 2004 prior reaching 2005 Champions League final (Hastings, 2014). The focus also started with a beating from Liverpool through penalties irrespective of the lead of 3–0 during half time. Mission: â€Å"To maintain the balance of management and of accounts both to support sporting excellence and the activities associated with the expectations of our clients and our stakeholders. The economic and financial management oriented to structural sustainability must be in compliance with the provisions of UEFA Financial Fair Play† Changes in the soccer teams include movement in diversified lines of business, alternate global markets, and new technology demanding for new attitudes among soccer soccer team managers and with different competencies, talents and qualifications the A.C Milan soccer team believes in career development among the

Toyota Business Strategy In Global Environment Marketing Essay

Toyota Business Strategy In Global Environment Marketing Essay There have been two reasons of arbitrariness at work to evolve Toyota from its very humble beginning to a world renowned car maker. Firstly, the oil crisis of mid 1970s became an exogenous jolt that increased the demand for smaller and fuel-efficient vehicles in the U.S. Toyota was a making these cars and the U.S buyers who would never have bought Toyota cars , were stirred to make the purchase for the first time. Many of them got pleasantly surprised by the value offered by Toyota and became long term customers as oil prices soared. The oil crisis, in a sense, proved a welcome break and a critical incident to get entrance to the main-stream of the automobile market in U.S. The Toyota Production System can be called a paradox as on one side, all activities, production flows and connections in a Toyota plant are inflexibly scripted. Yet, its operations are extremely flexible and quite responsive to consumer demands, at the same time. It is considered that the very inflexibility of the operations which makes flexibilities reality. It is because of the operations can be regarded as constant series of controlled experiments. Upon defining any specification, it is actually making a hypothesis which can then be examined in action. This scientific method way is not forced on its workforce rather ingrained in them. It inspires them to indulge in the type of tested and experiments that are generally accepted as the basis of a learning organisation. The Toyota Production System evolved from the day to day working of the company over a long period and has actually never been written down as a manual. Toyota builds up all its working operations as experiments and i ngrains the scientific method to its workforce. The first step establishes how workers do their job. The second is how they interact with each other. The third is about the construction of the production lines. Lastly, how workers can learn to improve. Every production path, link, and action planned on these steps should have built-in tests which can indicate problems straight away. And this apparently inflexible system is made so flexible and adaptive to its ever changing environment through the repeated responses to those in built tests. This made it well positioned in the mist of 1970s oil crisis. Toyota coming from the Japan where size and fuel economy were big issues then in the U. S. But after the Oil crisis, Toyota just had want the U.S consumers were looking for in a dramatically changed environment. According to Louis Pasture, Fortune favours the prepared mind, and this small piece of fortune could have proved useless had Toyota made poorer cars. But instead, U.S consumers straight away realized its quality which was a reflection of its tradition and strategy of production excellence, of reduction in costs and defects and improvement in the quality. The use of thorough standardization to achieve a strategic flexibility is an apparent paradox at the centre of Toyotas excellent quality and efficiency through making a lot more predictable quality and timing outcomes than possible otherwise. Common architecture, standardization of the processes and reusability are the concepts and tools included in this kind of principle. Taking waste out of the product development process is absolute critical. Actually, standardization of skills, processes and designs enable for the customization of specific programme, broader individual responsibility and a JIT HR strategy, more elastic capacities for product development and quite a few other benefits. The ministry of international trade and industry (MITI) encouraged Japanese firm to enter to automobile industry despite establish competitors from the West by imposing high tariffs discouraging import and prohibiting foreign ownership. Post-war conditions put Japan into a country lacking significant capital, so that Japan had to rely mostly on producing its own technology. Toyota family vehicles are preferred and popular. Toyota needs to develop new technology to enhance their diesel engines, to make less pollution which will impact the low CO2 emission in environment, and which will be socially benefit for the world. Toyota needs consistent policies, regulations and incentives to accelerate technology and acceptance of technology. Toyota overall technology is good but its electric cars have an issue of less battery time etc. In Toyota the process of decision making is mostly done by the top level management according to the facts and findings of the research departments. Toyota got very strict organisational structure in order to achieve their high goals in international market. Firstly Taiichi Ohno was the guy who basically designed their management style and gave the Toyotas most famous concept of Toyota production system or lean manufacturing system. According to Ohno work means the production of the perfect goods only, because he thinks that if a machine is not producing the perfect goods then it is not in good working condition or maybe not working. This concept tells us that Toyota is very quality conscious. But actually now Toyota is being questioned about the quality after millions of recalls and hundreds of accidents in last four months to Toyota drivers. But actually in Toyota when the decision making is done then the workers are really pushed hard by the managers to achieve the targets. And thats why currently Toyota is facing problem with Brake override system and they had to recall millions of cars, because software problem related to brake and acceleration system and in some models gas pedal sticks with the floor pad. All competitors of Toyota are already using this brake override Technology but Toyota was slow to understand this technology but now they are saying that in future this system will be available in all Toyota upcoming cars. But honestly speaking in U.S Toyotas reputation has been reduced tremendously after some accidents due to their mistakes. And now currently at first place Toyota should do something to get the customer confidence back to prosper in future market. http://www.mainstreet.com/article/smart-spending/autos/what-toyota-should-have-done-brake-override?page=1 http://www.egmcartech.com/2010/02/26/inaba-toyota-shouldve-done-a-better-job-sharing-information-with-lawmakers/ Toyota needs to improve the knowledge management system because only then they can learn from their past mistakes and their solutions and by doing so they can make a strategy to avoid those mistakes in future. Toyota should be quick to spot new technologies those are highly recommended by different markets for the safety of the road users. Try to design products for different regions according to the needs of local people where the final product will be used. As company want to be more globalised then we should try to build a database in which everything is available for each and every individual who is working in Toyota anywhere in the world. There should be a system through which company can communicate more effectively to decrease the safety defect issues in products around the globe. Always try to consider local knowledge about the industry before designing any type of vehicle for local people and presenting or marketing it around the globe. Try to do more than competitors in every market to please the consumer, because this will contribute to brand loyalty and then people will have more confidence to buy a Toyota product. As Toyota want to compete in the international market in more countries then marketing strategy for each country or region should be different and according to the local way of thinking. Toyota should try to localise production and supply base to avoid expenses like storage and transportation. And it also enables them work more quickly and efficiently in most of the times. Find workers which are needed for the job and develop them according to the needs of the company to achieve high and efficient productivity. Toyota should always keep a look on all types of suppliers and their product quality because its directly related with the Toyotas product quality. As product designs and technologies are changing day by day thats why Toyota should not indulge itself to long term contracts with suppliers. Train and encourage innovative people working within the company to create something new and exciting for international markets according to the demand of public and international standards. There should be no compromise on the user safety of the product in any kind of circumstances. For the purpose of more globalization of Toyota supply chain management should be improved to oblige the commitments in international market. Dealers working with Toyota motors should be trained in such a way that customer service and support should be their main priority. The decisions that are concerned with the environment in which the firm operates, the entire resources, owner of company and the interface between the two are known as strategic decision. Here are some of the characteristic of strategic decision Strategic decisions play an important role for an organisation. These decisions may be related to the new resources, organising others or reallocating others. Strategic decision deal with the threats and opportunities with harmonizing organizational resource capabilities. Strategic decisions are long term decision. Strategic decisions are what is our future panning and these decisions are made very carefully. Strategic decisions are always arranged according to the organisation mission and vision. These decisions are related to the overall planning of the organisation. These decisions deal with the organisation growth that how we have to do planning for the successful future of the organisation. Strategic are always at the top most level, as these deal with the future so these decision are always uncertain and involve lot of risk. Strategic decisions are complex in nature. Figure 1 Strategic decisions are always designed to help the senior management to improve the quality of their decisions. The whole process of strategic decision gives all the participants a good grasp of modern concept of strategic analysis. However all the decision are made by the managers and the people at the senior level but strategic decision will help the managers that how to deal with the process of decision making. Cost leadership mean to gain the competitive advantage over the rivals in market. In order to gain the competitive advantage firms always try to recruit cheap labour and produce the goods at low cost. Firms try to sell their products at average price to gain higher profits than its rivals or they sell their products below the average industry price to the higher market share. However it does not mean that low cost always lead to low price of the product. If you are the only producer of the product in the market then you can produce the product at the low price and can sell the product at your desired price. Some of the organisations are very good in that strategy, such as Toyota, they are not producing high quality autos at low price level, but they have their brand name and use high quality marketing skills to maintain a premium price policy. (www.marketingteacher.com). (www.coursework4you.co.uk) Figure 1 Micheal poters generic model (1985) Just in time: Just in time mean what is needed, when its needed and the quantity needed. In order to produce a large number of products such as automobile, which consist of almost 30,000 parts, it is very important to create a detailed production plan, for example. If we work on the production plan we can eliminate so many factors like waste, inconsistencies in production and work, and unreasonable requirement and this all can lead to an improved productivity of product. Toyota use pull approach for the production like kanban card paced pull strategy to minimize the inventory level. In the pull strategy customer demands the product and pull it out from the delivery channel. This is because when the demand and the production of the product in very high and it is used to decrease the lead time. Differentiating your product what is also call a pull strategy in these days is basically a genuine pull strategy. And all thye marketing approach is diverted to this pull strategy. The just in time pioneer Toyota using pull strategy which manages there inventory level in the cost effective away and stringent possible way that does not mean that the product is made and pushed to the customer but it is produced in response to the customer. This strategy is becoming common now a days and every firm tries to follows this strategy. Toyota is using a cacr electronic to increase the communication between people, society and automobile. To achieve their goal they have dividing ITS in to five basic areas to work on. So by the managing and coordinating the relation between them the plan is main tain the high growth and development which is called as total Mobility Company. The first car that has the more complex and sophisticated function which include onboard computers and sensor which control the car function and second they are providing the multimedia for their vehicles which represent the new field for the mobile communication. Conceptual diagram of the Kanban System Two kinds of kanban (the production instruction kanban and the parts retrieval kanban) are used for managing parts. (www2.toyota.co.jp) http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-decisions.htm http://tools.ashridge.org.uk/website/content.nsf/FileLibrary/4C8918B0EA4CDB988025718E00558E14/$file/STDC.pdf http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/production_system/just.html Inside the mind of Toyota: management principles for enduring growth   By Satoshi Hino ..page number 327 edition 2006 Information technology strategies: how leading firms use IT to gain an advantage   By William V. Rapp..page number 149..152edition 2002 http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_generic_strategies.htm http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/porter-generic-strategies.php As we know that Toyota is the leading automobile company but to gain the competitive advantage on its rivals in automobile industry is not so easy. There are many competitive challenges which Toyota is facing in the global market environment. Basically competitive challenges are a research offering design to help asset management, to improve the productivity and effectiveness of a business and to maintain the standard performance against competitors. Competitive challenges are confront in annual competitive challenges report on the competitive dynamics of the industry. Competitive challenges identify the inefficiencies in an organisation. It also examine the; profitability, productivity, asset growth, and product competitiveness, customer satisfaction and marketing. Senior managers are enabling to plan business strategic objectives by highlighting the areas of success and failure compared to peers. It allows you to clearly identify sales resource efficiency. http://www.greenwich.com/WMA/products_services/comp_chal/comp_chal_home visited 29/03/10 at 21.20 Toyota is great example of what happens when your competitors build a strategic advantage by setting a high standard in a critical area. For more than two decades Toyota and Honda have been the quality leaders in attracting car buyers who wants better reliability and quality in their vehicles. In Dec-2009, the economists described the problem of quality issues which Toyota is facing and how it is trying to deal with them. Akio Toyoda the president of company recognises that there is need for an innovative design to beat competitors. That may be challenge. Toyotas success has been built on its reliability and standard of quality. http://www.baldrige.com/sector/business/toyotas-strategic-challenge/ To maintain quality standards and building an innovative design is not an easy task. Toyota never compromise on quality but still having problems due to its massive production. Consequently, to establish in the global market the three main technologies, TPS (Toyota production system, TDS (Toyota development system), TMS (Toyota marketing system) should be established and strengthened. http://williamghunter.net/images/toyota_management_structure.png Management structure at Toyota In global market a firm face number of challenges these challenges the effect the competitive and determines how the firm can achieve economies of scale in multi countries environment. In striving to develop a strategy that will make it more competitive, the firm must deal with four interrelated challenges of global marketing strategy. To bring the change and be innovative is very big challenge for every firm and for Toyota as well. Rapid change pervades product development, production processes and it also builds the competitive pressure as customers more mobile and is exposed new ideas through new global media. Introducing a new model every year has become compulsory which incurs high cost and also keeps in consideration the taste, culture and infrastructure of the area. Rapid change has both positive and negative aspects. To bring a positive change you have to be very care full about the utilization of resources effectively. For instance, we know very well that Toyota launched its new model Prius and the car has a manufacture fault. It was a good change but lake of quality management and now faced a huge loss and company recalled for its 8.5 million cars because of its accelerator and floor mat problem. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8505402.stm http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=four+challenges+of+global+marketmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai= Another challenge which most of the companies face is complexity of managing international operations. Technological advances enable management to control operations on a broader geographic scale but at the same time these advances add complexity, as management has to analyse tools and skills to handle the international infrastructure. As we know Toyota is already facing a quality problem because of its massive production. As we know Toyota mostly designed its all product in Japan according to the local environment and launches the same product in the international market. It increases the complexity of product. Yet it is difficult for the organization which elevates quantity its main goal instead to focus on providing the highest quality. Toyota is putting more pressure on their supplier to increase their production without listening to their possible effects on quality. This is because of in experience Toyota managers and rapid expansion. The level of complexity increase when Toyot a introduced a hybrid vehicle, the Prius with its two power sources which requires greater engineering expertise. http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2010/02/toyota_the_downside_of_hyper_g.html Increasing competition in global market brings another challenge to Toyota at all stages of involvement in international market. In countries such as India, China, Malaysia the threat of competition is more because, their own domestic market is opening up to foreign competition, increasing more awareness of international market opportunities. Competition can be on different basis like delivering superior quality to consumers. However Toyotas success on global market depends on knowledge accumulation and effective use of resources. Introduction of hybrid car by Toyota is one of great example of building a competitive advantage and capturing the global market. http://www.hoovers.com/company/Toyota_Motor_Corporation/crxxsi-1.html http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=four+challenges+of+global+marketmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai= This challenge relates to the firms social responsibilities in the global market place. Environmental issues for example, to limit pollution of the atmosphere through the emission of gases and other toxic substances is one of the challenges Toyota is facing. To produce and design which are environmentally friendly is very challenging. Rapid change, higher competition and increased complexity in the global market make it more difficult. To become environment friendly Toyota has come a long way since they launch their first hybrid car ten years ago. http://www.design21sdn.com/organizations/196/posts/997 These are some problems which is Toyota facing from last few years. The problems started in 1998 with Toyotas luxury car Lexus and now Toyota again in trouble with its newly launched Prius hybrid car. After becoming the giant of automobile Toyota looks bit careless. But when we talk to Toyotas representatives then we found that the reality is different. After the recent scenario people have started thinking about Toyota. In the light of Toyotas recent quality failure we can easily say that Toyota is only focusing on massive production. We can say if Toyota start focusing on some current issues which company facing now then Toyota can gain its lost repute easily. References Inside the mind of Toyota: management principles for enduring growth   By Satoshi Hino ..page number 327 edition 2006 Information technology strategies: how leading firms use IT to gain an advantage   By William V. Rapp..page number 149..152edition 2002 http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/companies/toyota.php http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2010/02/can_toyota_hansei_its_way_out.html http://www.mainstreet.com/article/smart-spending/autos/what-toyota-should-have-done-brake-override?page=1 http://www.egmcartech.com/2010/02/26/inaba-toyota-shouldve-done-a-better-job-sharing-information-with-lawmakers/ http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-decisions.htm http://tools.ashridge.org.uk/website/content.nsf/FileLibrary/4C8918B0EA4CDB988025718E00558E14/$file/STDC.pdf http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/production_system/just.html http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_generic_strategies.htm http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/porter-generic-strategies.php http://www.greenwich.com/WMA/products_services/comp_chal/comp_chal_home visited 29/03/10 at 21.20 http://www.baldrige.com/sector/business/toyotas-strategic-challenge/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8505402.stm http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=four+challenges+of+global+marketmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai= http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2010/02/toyota_the_downside_of_hyper_g.html http://www.hoovers.com/company/Toyota_Motor_Corporation/crxxsi-1.html http://www.design21sdn.com/organizations/196/posts/997 http://www.fastlane.com.au/News_Toyota/vision_2010.htm http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100210132838AAHTQJm http://www.fastlane.com.au/News_Toyota/vision_2010.htm http://www.mainstreet.com/article/smart-spending/autos/what-toyota-should-have-done-brake-override?page=1 http://www.egmcartech.com/2010/02/26/inaba-toyota-shouldve-done-a-better-job-sharing-information-with-lawmakers/ www.marketingteacher.com www.coursework4you.co.uk http://www.managementstudyguide.com/strategic-decisions.htm http://tools.ashridge.org.uk/website/content.nsf/FileLibrary/4C8918B0EA4CDB988025718E00558E14/$file/STDC.pdf http://www2.toyota.co.jp/en/vision/production_system/just.html http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_generic_strategies.htm http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/generic.shtml http://www.coursework4you.co.uk/essays-and-dissertations/porter-generic-strategies.php http://www.greenwich.com/WMA/products_services/comp_chal/comp_chal_home visited 29/03/10 at 21.20 http://www.baldrige.com/sector/business/toyotas-strategic-challenge/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8505402.stm http://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=four+challenges+of+global+marketmeta=aq=faqi=aql=oq=gs_rfai= http://www.design21sdn.com/organizations/196/posts/997